An unusual case of ileo-uterine fistula discovered after full term normal delivery

Entero-uterine fistula is a very rare type of fistula between the small intestine and the genital tract. They may result from obstetric or gynaecological procedures like post D and C perforation of the uterus. Timely detection and management reduce morbidity and mortality of the patients. We present a case of entero uterine fistula in a lady which was diagnosed on second postnatal day when she complained of passage of stool per vaginum. She had a previous history of mid trimester abortion followed by D and C after which she remained hospitalised for a week for pain abdomen. The diagnosis of this fistula was based on her symptoms and clinical evaluation of passage of intestinal content through the cervix and CT scan finding of gas in the abdomen. Intraoperatively an ileal loop was found adherent to the posterior wall of uterus with large fistula between bowel and the uterus. There was no intraperitoneal faecal contamination. Adherent small bowel was separated from the posterior wall of the uterus and fistula dismantled. Side to side functional end to end anastomosis was done using TLC 75 stapler. Repair of the uterine rent was also done. Post op recovery was uneventful.

Factores de riesgo asociados con lesión obstétrica del esfínter anal: cohorte retrospectiva / Risk factors associated with obstetric anal sphincter injury: A retrospective cohort

Resumen OBJETIVO: Analizar los factores de riesgo asociados con lesión obstétrica del esfínter anal en una población donde la aplicación de fórceps es bien aceptada. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio de cohorte simple, retrospectivo, al que que se incluyeron pacientes que finalizaron el embarazo por parto, entre enero de 2013 y diciembre de 2017, en el Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes. Criterios de inclusión: embarazo mayor de 35 semanas, con feto único y en presentación cefálica. La variable dependiente de lesión obstétrica del esfínter anal se clasificó en tercer y cuarto grado. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el programa SPSS Statistics 23; la prueba de χ2 y t de Student para la comparación entre grupos, y razón de momios con intervalo de confianza de 95%. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 6199 pacientes. La edad promedio fue de 26.5 años; el peso al nacimiento de 2745 g y se colocaron fórceps en 6.9% (n = 428) casos. La frecuencia de lesión obstétrica del esfínter anal fue de 1.03% (n = 65). Entre los factores de riesgo asociados con lesión del esfínter anal se encontraron: aplicación de fórceps (RM 22.4; IC95% 13.3-36.7, p < 0.001) y primiparidad (RM 2.8; IC95% 1.68-4.93, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONES: La edad materna de 20 a 30 años, el peso fetal mayor de 3500 g, el parto con fórceps y la primiparidad son factores de riesgo asociados con lesión obstétrica del esfínter anal.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To analyze the associated risk factors of obstetric anal sphincter injury in a population in which the use of forceps is well accepted. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A simple retrospective cohort was performed where all women with vaginal delivery were identified in a period of 5 years (January 2013 to December 2017). Pregnancies older than 35 weeks were included, unique and in cephalic presentation. The dependent variable of obstetric lesion of the anal sphincter was classified in 3rd and 4th grade. The SPSS 23 program was used for the statistical analysis. χ2 test and Student's t test were used to compare the groups, as well as Odds radio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (95%CI). RESULTS: A total of 6199 women were included. The average age was 26.5 years, birth weight of 2745 grams on average, forceps were placed in 6.9% (n = 428). The frequency of obstetric lesion of the anal sphincter was 1.03% (n = 65) in the study period. The following risk factors were found to be associated with anal sphincter injury: use of forceps OR 22.4 (95% CI 13.3-36.7, p <0.001), primiparity OR 2.8 (95% CI 1.68-4.93 p < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal age of 20 to 30 years, fetal weight greater than 3500 grams, births with forceps and primiparity are risk factors for obstetric anal sphincter injuries.

Outcome and Preoperative Predictive Factor after Complete Anatomical Repair in Perineal Obstetric Injury

PURPOSE: To assess the outcome of complete anatomical repair (sphincteroplasty, rectal wall plication, rectovaginal septum plication, perineal body repair, levatoroplasty) and to identify the preoperative factors influencing the outcome for the perineal obstetric injury. METHODS: Eighteen, consecutive female patients who had undergone complete anatomical repair with chronic fecal incontinence due to perineal injury during 13 months were evaluated. Mean age was 48.9+/-10.1 years, mean duration of symptom was 18.9 (range: 1-33) years, mean delivery numbers were 2.8 +/-1.2 times, and mean follow up was 11.9 +/- 4.7 months. The predictive factors were age, manometry, PNTML (pudendal nerve terminal motor latency), rectal sensation, RAIR (rectoanal inhibitory reflex), duration of symptom, angle of sphincter defect, vaginal delivery numbers, hospital stay, follow-up period, wound healing period, and Wexner's incontinence score. RESULTS: The anatomical success rate via endoanal ultrasonography was 100%, complication rate was 5.5%, and functional success rate (Wexners' score < or =5) was 88.9%. The patients showed lower maximal resting pressure, maximal squeezing pressure, maximal voluntary contraction, mean resting pressure, mean squeezing pressure, and maximal tolerable volume than the normal control group (p<0.05). The median incontinence score was significantly decreased after surgery (pre op=12.2 vs post op=2.9) (p<0.05). Among the preoperative predictive factors, the incontinence score correlated significantly with postoperative functional success (r=0.552, P=0.017). CONCLUSIONS: Complete anatomical repair showed an excellent anatomical result and a good functional outcome. Patient with high preoperative incontinence score had a tendency for postoperative residual incontinence.

Sphincter Repair for Fecal Incontinence after Obstetric Injury

PURPOSE: We designed this study to evaluate efficacy of sphincter repair and factors influencing in patients with postobstetric fecal incontinence. METHODS: Twenty-one patients (mean age 42 years; range 23~67) undergoing sphincter repair for postobstetric fecal incontinence (mean duration 12 years; range 6 months~46 years) were evaluated prospectively. Preoperatively, standardized interviews, anorectal manometry and measurement of pudendal nerve terminal motor latency (PNTML) were performed. Incontinence was graded according to the Parks' classification: Grade 1 - continence to stool and flatus; Grade 2 - incontinent to flatus, some urgency to stool present but no incontinence; Grade 3 - incontinent to liquid stool; Grade 4 - incontinent to formed stool. Sphincter repair methods were overlap repair of external anal sphincter (EAS) in 4 patients, overlap repair of EAS with anterior levatorplasty in 15 patients, and overlap repair of EAS with anterior levatorplasty and postanal repair in 2 patients. Anorectal manometry at 3 months, and interviews at 3 months and 6 months after sphincter repair were performed again. Patients' satisfaction was classified as excellent, good, fair, and no improvement. RESULTS: Difficulty in first delivery was noticed in 18 patients and history of previous sphincter repair was noticed in 5 patients. Preoperatively, most patients showed high grade incontinence (grade 3 in 13 and grade 4 in 8 patients). After sphincter repair, 18 patients (85.7%) became grade 1 or 2, and 16 patients (76.2%) replied their functional satisfaction excellent or good. There were no difference between the results at 3 months and 6 months. Poor functional outcome was in 2 of 3 patients with bilaterally prolonged preoperative PNTML. Short duration of incontinence and young age at the time of repair favored good results. Previous sphincter repair did not influence the outcome. Postoperatively both anal pressure and high pressure zone length were significantly increased in patients with improved continence Postoperative complications were wound infection in 2 patients and necrosis at the apex of the advancement skin flap in 1 case but these did not influence the outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Most postobstetric fecal incontinence can be successfully treated with sphincter repair. Excellent results are expected when the duration of incontinence is short and the patients are young. Pudendal neuropathy seemed to be related to poor outcome.